Resumo O tema “A Internacionalização do Direito e o Regionalismo Jurídico: A Pessoa Humana na Amazônia - O Caboco” foi desenvolvido conforme o neoconstitucionalismo na linha de Peter Häberle em suas obras Hermenêutica Constitucional e Teoria da Constituição como Ciência da Cultura, no âmbito do regionalismo jurídico com objetivo de demonstrar a importância social, cultural e jurídica do caboco como sujeito de direito na Amazônia, enfatizando a pessoa humana fruto da mestiçagem do indígena com o conquistador português. Análise da Constituição brasileira, destacadamente do pluralismo constitucional, de legislação infraconstitucional e de tratados internacionais foram necessários para melhor compreensão dessa figura jurídica peculiar visando sua proteção e fortalecimento no embate de novos direitos, em face da internacionalização do direito na contemporaneidade, todavia desnecessário reforma constitucional para garantia e proteção dos direitos do caboco.

Abstract The theme “The Internationalization of Law and Legal Regionalism: The Human Person in the Amazon - The Caboco” was developed according to the new constitutionalism in the line of Peter Häberle in his works “Constitutional Hermeneutics” and “Theory of the Constitution as Science of Culture”, within the scope of legal regionalism with the purpose of demonstrating the social, cultural and juridical importance of the Caboco as a subject of law in the Amazon, emphasizing the human person fruit of the Indian’s miscegenation with the Portuguese conquistador. Analysis of the Brazilian Constitution, especially constitutional pluralism, infra-constitutional legislation and international treaties was necessary to better understand this peculiar legal figure, aiming at its protection and strengthening in the struggle of new rights, in the face of the internationalization of law in contemporary times, however unnecessary constitutional reform to guarantee and protect the rights of the people.

Resumo O câncer de boca e de orofaringe emerge como o 6º tipo de câncer mais comum no mundo. O tratamento pode envolver cirurgia, quimioterapia e radioterapia. Mais de 50% das drogas com atividade de combate ao câncer foram isoladas de fontes naturais, tais como a Catharanthus roseus e a epipodofilotoxina, isolada de Podophyllum. O maior desafio é maximizar o controle da doença, enquanto minimiza a morbidade e toxicidade para os tecidos normais circundantes. O Erythroxylum suberosum é uma planta comum no bioma Cerrado brasileiro e é popularmente conhecida como "cabelo-de-negro". O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a citotoxicidade dos extratos da planta Erythroxylum suberosum do bioma Cerrado brasileiro, associados à radioterapia em linhagens celulares humanas de carcinomas de língua e de hipofaringe. As células foram tratadas com os extratos aquoso, etanólico e hexânico do Erythroxylum suberosum e irradiadas com 4 Gy, 6 Gy e 8 Gy. A citotoxidade foi avaliada pelo ensaio de MTT e a absorvância foi medida a 570 nm em uma leitora Beckman. A cisplatina, quimioterápico padrão, foi utilizada como controle positivo. O uso de extratos de Erythroxylum suberosum mostrou potencial efeito radiosensibilizante in vitro no câncer de cabeça e pescoço. O efeito da citotoxicidade nas linhagens foi de forma não seletiva e muito semelhante ao efeito da quimioterapia padrão. O extrato aquoso de Erythroxylum suberosum, combinado com radioterapia, foi o extrato mais citotóxico para os carcinomas de língua e hipofaringe, associados à radioterapia.

Abstract The mouth and oropharynx cancer is the 6th most common type of cancer in the world. The treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. More than 50% of drugs against cancer were isolated from natural sources, such as Catharanthus roseus and epipodophyllotoxin, isolated from Podophyllum. The biggest challenge is to maximize the control of the disease, while minimizing morbidity and toxicity to the surrounding normal tissues. The Erythroxylum suberosum is a common plant in the Brazilian Cerrado biome and is popularly known as "cabelo-de-negro". The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of Erythroxylum suberosum plant extracts of the Brazilian Cerrado biome associated with radiotherapy in human cell lines of oral and hypopharynx carcinomas. Cells were treated with aqueous, ethanolic and hexanic extracts of Erythroxylum suberosum and irradiated at 4 Gy, 6 Gy and 8 Gy. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay and the absorbance was measured at 570 nm in a Beckman Counter reader. Cisplatin, standard chemotherapy, was used as positive control. The use of Erythroxylum suberosum extracts showed a possible radiosensitizing effect in vitro for head and neck cancer. The cytotoxicity effect in the cell lines was not selective and it is very similar to the effect of standard chemotherapy. The aqueous extract of Erythroxylum suberosum, combined with radiotherapy was the most cytotoxic extract to oral and hypopharynx carcinomas.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da administração dos anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs) cetoprofeno, fenilbutazona e flunixin meglumine sobre o índice apoptótico de células epiteliais do tecido lamelar de cavalos com laminite induzida por administração de amido. Foram empregados 20 equinos hígidos, divididos em quatro grupos experimentais (n=5): solução salina, cetoprofeno, fenilbutazona e flunixin meglumine. O tecido lamelar foi coletado por biópsia, fixado e corado pela técnica de TUNEL. À marcação positiva por essa técnica adicionou-se a avaliação morfológica celular para identificação da apoptose. Não houve diferença significativa no índice apoptótico entre os grupos tratados com anti-inflamatórios e o controle (P>0,05). Os anti-inflamatórios não interferiram sobre o índice apoptótico possivelmente porque foram administrados após a fase prodrômica da laminite e/ou porque não são eficazes em alterar a dinâmica da apoptose. Concluiu-se que a administração de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais após a fase prodrômica da laminite não contribui para uma intervenção no curso da apoptose no tecido lamelar de cavalos com laminite quando comparados ao grupo controle não tratado. Outros estudos, com diferentes períodos de avaliação, são necessários para esclarecer os efeitos dos anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais na fisiopatologia da laminite em equinos, especialmente no que concerne à participação da apoptose.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ketoprofen, phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine on the apoptotic index of the epithelial cells of lamellar tissue of horses with induced laminitis. 20 healthy horses were employed and underwent induction of laminitis by administration of starch, divided into four groups with induced laminitis (n = 5): saline, ketoprofen, phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine. The lamellar tissue was collected by biopsy, fixed and stained with the TUNEL technique. All that were stained positive by this technique were added to the cell morphological identification of apoptosis. No significant difference was found in the apoptotic index between the groups treated with anti-inflammatory and controls (P> 0.05). It was concluded that the administration of NSAIDs after the prodromal phase of laminitis does not contribute to an intervention in the course of apoptosis in the lamellar tissue of horses with laminitis when compared to the untreated control group. Other studies with different evaluation periods are needed to clarify the effects of anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs in the pathophysiology of laminitis in horses, especially regarding the role of apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to estimate the accuracy of the postural assessment software (PAS/SAPO) for measurement of corporal angles and distances as well as the inter- and intra-rater reliabilities. INTRODUCTION: Postural assessment software was developed as a subsidiary tool for postural assessment. It is easy to use and available in the public domain. Nonetheless, validation studies are lacking. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 88 pictures from 22 subjects, and each subject was assessed twice (1 week interval) by 5 blinded raters. Inter- and intra-rater reliabilities were estimated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. To estimate the accuracy of the software, an inanimate object was marked with hallmarks using pre-established parameters. Pictures of the object were rated, and values were checked against the known parameters. RESULTS: Inter-rater reliability was excellent for 41% of the variables and very good for 35%. Ten percent of the variables had acceptable reliability, and 14% were defined as non-acceptable. For intra-rater reliability, 44.8% of the measurements were considered to be excellent, 23.5% were very good, 12.4% were acceptable and 19.3% were considered non-acceptable. Angular measurements had a mean error analisys of 0.11°, and the mean error analisys for distance was 1.8 mm. DISCUSSION: Unacceptable intraclass correlation coefficient values typically used the vertical line as a reference, and this may have increased the inaccuracy of the estimates. Increased accuracies were obtained by younger raters with more sophisticated computer skills, suggesting that past experience influenced results. CONCLUSION: The postural assessment software was accurate for measuring corporal angles and distances and should be considered as a reliable tool for postural assessment.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the single most important infectious agent affecting recipients of organ transplants. To evaluate the incidence and the clinical importance of CMV infection in renal transplants in Brazil, 37 patients submitted to renal allograft transplants were tested periodically for the presence of cytomegalovirus DNA in urine using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and for the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against CMV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). The PCR-amplified products were detected by gel electrophoresis and confirmed by dot-blot hybridization with oligonucleotide probes. Thirty-two of the 37 patients (86.4%) were positive by at least one of the three methods. In six patients, PCR was the only test which detected the probable CMV infection. Ten patients had a positive result by PCR before transplantation. In general, the diagnosis was achieved earlier by PCR than by serologic tests. Active infection occurred more frequently during the first four months after transplantation. Sixteen of the 32 patients (50%) with active CMV infection presented clinical symptoms consistent with CMV infection. Five patients without evidence of active CMV infection by the three tests had only minor clinical manifestations during follow-up. Our results indicate that PCR is a highly sensitive procedure for the early detection of CMV infection and that CMV infection in renal transplant patients is a frequent problem in Brazil.

A capacidade de mineralização de C e de N de 20 solos de Pernambuco (10 da zona úmida e 10 da semi-árida) foi determinada em casa de vegetação, entre janeiro e outubro de 1987, incubando-se amostras de 50 g, das profundidades de 0-20 e 20-40 cm, e medindo-se, periodicamente, durante 20 e 4 semanas, respectivamente, o C-CO2 liberado e o N mineral (NO3- e NH4+) acumulado. As quantidades mineralizadas variaram muito entre os solos, mas, apesar disto, foram maiores na zona úmida que na semi-árida e, na semi-árida, foram maiores na camada de 0-20 que na de 20-40 cm. Os solos apresentaram distintos padrões de mineralização ao longo da incubação, com a fase inicial com retardo ou com grande mineralização e a final com estabilização ou queda progressiva. As curvas de C tenderam mais à estabilização final que as de N. As quantidades de C e de N mineralizados foram bem relacionadas entre si e com os teores de C e N totais do solo e as de N mineralizado com as quantidades absorvidas por plantas cultivadas em potes com os mesmos solos. A matéria orgânica da zona úmida tendeu a ser mais lábil que a da semi-árida, principalmente quanto ao N, e a da camada superficial mais que a da subsuperficial.

The C and N mineralization potential of 20 soils from Pernambuco, Brazil (10 from the humid area and 10 from the semi-arid) was determined in a greenhouse experiment, conducted from January to October 1987. Samples of 50 g from 0-20 and 20-40 cm depth layers were incubated. The released C-CO2 and the accumulated mineral N (NO3- and NH4+) were periodically measured during 20 and 4 weeks, respectively. The mineralized amounts varied much among soils. In spite of this they were higher in the humid than in the semi-arid area, being also higher in the 0-20 cm layer than in the 20-40 cm one. The soils presented different mineralization patterns along the incubation period: in the first weeks, there was either a lag or high mineralization and, in the last weeks, there was stabilization or progressive decline. The C curves tended to stabilization in the final phase than N curves. Mineralized amounts of C and N were significantly related to one another and to total soil C and N and mineralized N was related to N uptake by plants growing in pots with similar soils. Soil organic matter in the humid area was more labile than that in the semi-arid area, especially regarding N, and in the superficial layer rather than in the subsuperficial one.

Com o objetivo de estudar a aplicabilidade das equações de adsorção de Langmuir e de Freundlich para boro em solos de baixada do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Glei Pouco Húmico e Cambissolo distrófico), desenvolveram-se ensaios de laboratório, em 1997, em quatro amostras de solo, sendo duas de superfície e duas subsuperficiais. Para isso, as amostras foram equilibradas em soluções de CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1, contendo as seguintes concentrações de boro: 0,0, 1,0, 2,0, 4,0 e 8,0 mg L-1. De posse dos dados, foram construídas isotermas de adsorção e verificados os ajustes das curvas obtidas, em relação aos dados experimentais. Observou-se que as isotermas mediante as equações de Langmuir e de Freundlich se adequaram bem para a adsorção de boro nos solos estudados.

With the objective of evaluating the applicability of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to boron adsorption in lowland soils (Gleysol and Cambissol) of Rio de Janeiro State Brazil, 1997, laboratory assays were developed using surface and subsurface soil samples. Retention was evaluated by equilibrating samples with calcium chloride solution 0.01 mol L-1 containing 0.0; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0 and 8.0 mg L-1 of B. The use of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms resulted in the most suitable fit for experimental data.